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molecular electronic transducers
Molecular electronic transducers (MET) are a class of inertial sensors (which include accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt meters, seismometers, and related devices) based on an electrochemical mechanism. METs capture the physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the surface of electrodes in electrochemical cells as the result of hydrodynamic motion. They are a specialized kind of electrolytic cell designed so that motion of the MET, which causes movement (convection) in the liquid electrolyte, can be converted to an electronic signal proportional to acceleration or velocity. MET sensors〔http://www.mettechnology.com〕 have inherently low noise and high amplification of signal (on the order of 106).
== History of molecular electronic transducers ==
MET technology had its origins in the 1950s,〔R. M. Hurd and R. N. Lane, “Principles of Very Low Power Electrochemical Control Devices”, J. Electrochem. Soc. vol.104, p. 727 – 730 (1957).〕〔I. Fusca, “Navy wants industry to share burden of solion development”, Aviation Week, vol.66, #26, p.37, 1957.〕〔A. F. Wittenborn, “Analysis of a Logarithmic Solion Acoustic Pressure Detector”, J. Acoust. Soc Amer. vol.31, p. 474 (1959).〕〔C. W. Larkam, “Theoretical Analysis of the Solion Polarized Cathode Acoustic Linear Transducer”, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. vol.37, p. 664-78 (1965).〕 when it was discovered that very sensitive, low-power, low-noise detectors and control devices could be made based on specially designed electrochemical cells (which were referred to as “solions”, derived from the words solution and ions). Up through the 1970s, the US Navy and others supported development of solion devices for sensitive sonar and seismic applications, and a number of patents were filed.〔See for example US Patents 3,157,832; 3,223, 639; 3,295,028; 3,374,403; 3,377,520; 3,377,521; and 3,457,466〕 However, early solion devices had a number of serious problems such as lack of reproducibility and poor linearity, and practical production of devices was abandoned in the US and progress languished for decades.
However, fundamental physics and mathematical studies of the underlying electrochemical and fluid flow dynamical processes continued, principally in Russia, where the field came to be known as “molecular electronics”.〔N. S. Lidorenko et al., Introduction to Molecular Electronics (Russian ), Énergoatomizdat, Moscow (1985).〕 In recent years both mathematical modeling and fabrication capabilities improved dramatically, and a number of high-performance MET devices have been developed.〔see www.mettechnology.com〕
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